Studies in Intelligence published in March 2019 an analysis titled "Following in Footsteps: The Transformation of Kenya's Intelligence Services Since the Colonial Era" by Ryan Shaffer.
While Kenyan intelligence has gone through a series of name changes and mission shifts since the country obtained independence in 1963, they have shown considerable continuity since the colonial era, building from earlier strategies and tactics. There have been important changes, most significantly after the end of the one-party system, when the key mission was preservation of the ruling government's power and suppression of political opposition. Repeated reforms have professionalized the service and divorced it from past human rights violations.
