South Africa's Institute for Security Studies/African Futures published on 20 October 2022 a study titled "The West and China in Africa's Development Future" by Jakkie Cilliers.
The study concludes that for Africa to develop and reduce poverty, it needs China, the EU and the US. It cannot choose one above the other. To avoid a new era of bipolarity, the West and China need to find a way to reset relations.