The Italian Institute for International Political Studies published on 30 September 2024 a paper titled "The Complex Trends and Patterns in Arms Transfers to Sub-Saharan Africa" by Pieter Wezeman, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
The 6 largest arms importers in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2019-23 were Nigeria, Angola, Senegal, Mali, Uganda, and Ethiopia. The major arms suppliers during this period were China (19 percent), Russia (17 percent), and France (11 percent). Imports of arms by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been declining in recent years.