Notes de l'Ifri published in February 2022 a study titled "Un scandale sino-congolais: L'exploitation illegale des minerais et des forets par les entreprises chinoises au Sud-Kivu" by Justin Mwetaminwa and Thierry Vircoulon.
The study analyzes the illegal gold mining practices in South Kivu province of Chinese companies and the complicity of Congolese, including the military. The control of the mining sector by a predatory partnership between foreign interests and local and national elites makes any attempts to improve mining governance illusory.
