ODI, an independent think tank based in the UK, published on 30 November 2022 an analysis titled "Old Wine in New Bottles? China, the G7 and the New Infrastructure Geopolitics" by Yunnan Chen.
The high water mark of China's policy bank lending for infrastructure was 2016. Lending has subsequently been on the decline. The heyday of China's overseas infrastructure financing is probably over, at least for the time being. Mentions of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have all but disappeared from President Xi Jinping's official speeches. As the BRI takes a back seat, China's less well defined Global Development Initiative and Global Security Initiative seem to be taking center stage.
