The Expert Group for Aid Studies published in 2016 the summary of a PhD dissertation titled "How Does China Challenge the IMF's Power in Africa?" by Johanna Malm, PhD candidate at Roskilde University in Denmark.
The paper explores how the commercial loans extended by China to African countries challenges the IMF's power to set norms in terms of public debt management. It shows that China's commercial loans fundamentally alter the power dynamics of the international development finance arena, challenging the IMF's power in African countries and beyond.