The Institute for International Political Studies posted on 29 July 2021 an analysis titled "China-Africa Economic Relations: The BRI, the AfCFTA and the Rest of the World" by Linda Calabrese, Overseas Development Institute.
The Belt and Road Initiative is not a break from the past, but rather a continuation of China-Africa relations along the lines already established since 2013. The AfCFTA is more exciting for Africans because it is led by the African Union and designed to transform the continent by promoting industrialization.