The China African Research Initiative (CARI) published on 28 September 2021 a briefing paper titled "Zambia's Chinese Debt in the Pandemic Era" by Deborah Brautigam and Yinxuan Wang.
After analyzing Zambia's outstanding external debt to all Chinese financiers, CARI estimated that it was about $6.6 billion in August 2021. This is almost twice the highest figure released previously by the Zambian government.
