Routledge published in 2022 a book containing a chapter titled "The Spread of Chinese Surveillance Tools in Africa: A Focus on Ethiopia and Kenya" by Bulelani Jili.
The author challenges the conception that China seeks to export a model of surveillance. Chinese companies operating in Africa such as Huawei and ZTE tend to adapt to local business practices, rather than follow Beijing's supposed geopolitical strategy. The evidence suggests that China helps fortify the political and social processes that were already in place in Ethiopia and Kenya.
