The Conversation posted on 29 August 2019 an article titled "What Patents and Publications Reveal about China-Africa Science Collaboration" by Swapan Kumar Patra and Mammo Muchie, both at Tshwane University of Technology.
Between 1975 and 2017, China and Africa collaborated in 12,700 publications and patents. In 2007, there were only 263 collaborative research papers; by 2017, the number had reached 3,211. Morocco, Egypt, and South Africa dominated the publication and patent collaboration with China.