The Panda Paw Dragon Claw blog posted on 17 August 2021 an analysis titled "How Does Japan Involve NGOs in Foreign Aid? Implications for China" by Kenichi Doi, Peking University.
The author describes the use of non-governmental organizations in aid programs administered by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and suggests they could serve as a model for the China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA).