New Delhi-based Observer Research Foundation published in August 2021 a paper titled "China in Africa: The Role of Trade, Investments, and Loans Amidst Shifting Geopolitical Ambitions" by Peter Stein, economist, and Emil Uddhammar, Linnaeus University.
The paper analyses China's economic and political relations with Africa beginning in the 1990s. It also considers the Western response to China's engagement in Africa.
