Stanford University's conservative Hoover Institution published on 21 March 2022 a paper titled "China's Sharp Power in Africa: A Handbook for Building National Resilience" by Glenn Tiffert and Oliver McPherson-Smith.
The handbook aims to raise awareness of how China is exercising sharp power in sub-Saharan Africa and to encourage governments and civil society across the region to unite in a posture of vigilance. It documents the unequal and asymmetric character of China's relationship with Africa and how it is empowering illiberal forces on the continent, mortgaging Africa's future and making the world more congenial for autocracy. The authors conclude that the policy goal is not to exclude China from Africa, but rather to shift its engagements there onto a more equitable footing and to equip Africans to make wiser, more informed choices among all the global partners available to them.
