The Liechtenstein-based Geopolitical Intelligence Services published on 15 March 2022 a paper titled "How China-African Trade May Evolve" by Teresa Nogueira Pinto.
The author argues that updates in Sino-African relations are in line with Beijing's long-term strategy and evolving African interests. Chinese loans to African countries are in decline while China tries to increase and diversify foreign direct investment. There is also a shift to trade promotion.
