China, Law and Development published on 24 May 2022 a research brief titled "China-Nigeria Oil-for-Infrastructure Deal: Addressing Opacity and Exclusion in the Award of Oil Drilling Rights" by Ngozi S. Nwoko, University of Victoria.
Nigeria's need to close the critical infrastructure gap was a primary factor in the adoption of the oil-for-infrastructure investment model with China. It also reflects a reaction to exploitation by Western oil companies.