The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace published in February 2023 a paper titled "African Media Cultures and Chinese Public Relations Strategies in Kenya and Ethiopia" by Yuan Wang, Duke Kunshan University, and Hangwei Li, Chinese Agricultural University.
The paper focuses on the corporate communication strategies of three Chinese SOEs involved in two Belt and Road projects in Africa: the Standard Gauge Railway in Kenya, constructed by China Road and Bridge Corporation, and the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway in Ethiopia, constructed by China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation and China Railway Engineering Corporation. The authors explore the changes, or lack thereof, in the three Chinese SOEs' corporate communication strategies, specifically public relations strategies.