The Diplomat published on 3 April 2023 a commentary titled "China-Russia Cooperation in Africa and the Middle East" by Mercy A. Kuo, Pamir Consulting.
China and Russia are undermining U.S. leadership and challenging NATO. Africa and the Middle East provide conducive conditions--autocratic governance, restricted media, authoritarian capitalism, surveillance states, weak rule of law, etc.--for China and Russia to advance their shared and separate agendas. They are pursuing different strategies toward Africa but share a convergent goal of bolstering authoritarian regimes and undermining U.S. and European influence on the continent. China-Russia cooperation represents a tactical alliance that serves China's long-term strategic advantage.