China and Kenya's Standard Gauge Railway

 The Council on Foreign Relations published on 13 October 2021 a paper titled "China's Approach to Development in Africa: A Case Study of Kenya's Standard Gauge Railway" by Oscar Otele, University of Nairobi.  

Using a case study of Kenya's standard gauge railway, the paper examines China's impact on procurement, environmental issues, and labor relations.

China's Development Finance in the Global Energy Sector

The Global Economic Governance Initiative (GEGI) at Boston University published a paper in 2016 titled "Fueling Growth and Financing Risk: The Benefits and Risks of China's Development Finance in the Global Energy Sector" by Kevin P. Gallagher, Rohini Kamal, Yongzhong Wang, and Yanning Chen.

The paper provides estimates of China's global developmental finance institutions and its policy bank lending to foreign governments for energy. China is poised to be the largest development lender in the world as Western-backed multilateral development banks appear stalled in their ability to increase their capital bases. While the study looks a China's global energy financing, it contains useful information about energy financing in Africa. Six African countries--Ethiopia, Niger, Sudan, Ghana, Zambia, and Tanzania--are among the 20 top global recipients of Chinese energy finance. Most of the global financing has gone into power generation (80 percent), transmission and distribution (13 percent), and extraction and refining (7 percent). In the case of power generation, 66 percent financed projects in the coal sector, 27 percent hydropower, and the remainder in oil, gas, and wind.

This paper is part of the GEGI interactive database on China's Global Energy Finance.

Xi Jinping's Africa Pledges

Deborah Brautigam, who is in Johannesburg where FOCAC is taking place, posted on her blog on 4 December 2015 brief comments titled "Xi Jinping's Africa Pledges: Highlights and Analysis."  She focuses on the $60 billion commitment by China and what constitutes official development aid, concessionary loans and export credits, equity investment, and whatever else. 

China-Africa Infrastructure Financing

The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington hosted on 29 July 2015 a conference sponsored by the Embassy of Japan on the infrastructure gap in Asia.  CSIS asked me to address the issue of "China-Africa Infrastructure Financing" in an effort to shed light on China's global infrastructure practices.