The China Africa Research Initiative at Johns Hopkins University published on 27 September 2017 a paper titled "Chinese Investment and Knowledge Transfer in Africa."
Drawing on case studies in Madagascar, Kenya, Zambia, and Malawi, the researchers found that knowledge transfer is taking place with Chinese FDI, but it is happening to different extents and in different ways. There is also evidence of increased productivity through technology transfer, particularly in the agriculture sector. The area where progress has been slower is the creation of linkages with local firms.