Chatham House published on 18 January 2023 an analysis titled "China-Africa Relations" by Alex Vines and Jon Wallace.
The authors note a sharp drop since 2016 in Chinese loans to African countries, suggesting this portends a different approach to the continent. While China may be seeking ports of call for its naval ships, there is little evidence it intends to open new military bases. It is essential, however, that China work to relieve debt distress in the most impacted African countries.