Brookings published in February 2023 an analysis titled "Strategic Competition for Overseas Basing in Sub-Saharan Africa" by Dawn C. Murphy, U.S. National War College.
It looks at the basing interests of China, Russia, and the United States in Sub-Saharan Africa. It concludes that China seeks to secure and maintain access to resources and markets and safeguard its citizens and businesses abroad.
Russia is more opportunistic and tends to pursue its interests in an ad hoc fashion, often through undertaking profit-seeking and destabilizing activities.
The United States seeks primarily to maintain strategic access to the continent, counter threats to U.S. persons, facilities, and interests from violent extremist organizations and to prevent and respond to humanitarian and other crises.
