The South China Morning Post published on 12 November 2023 an article titled "China on Track to Control African Tazara Railway Despite Geopolitical Needling over Control of Mineral Trade Routes" by Jevans Nyabiage.
A Chinese company is expected to negotiate a public-private partnership concession in the form of a build-operate-transfer model with Tanzania and Zambia to operate the 50-year old Chinese-built Tanzam railway. It is also expected to upgrade the railway at an estimated cost of $1 billion. This is not an aid project but a commercially viable venture.