The Heritage Institute published in September 2023 conference proceedings titled "Climate Change and Conflict in the Horn: Challenges, Responses and New Mandates."
These 15 papers focus primarily on Somalia. They conclude that climate and weather variability are threatening agricultural and livestock production systems on which the livelihood of over 70 percent of Somali society depends. Civil conflicts undermine domestic production, impede investments in the key economic sectors and increase rural urban migration as well as the costs of production. Al-Shabaab remains the defining feature of Somalia's unending conflict landscape. Weak governance compounds the effect of climate shocks. Inadequate climate finance will limit the ability of countries in the Horn of Africa to mitigate climate change impacts.
