The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace published on 2 December 2024 a study titled "Russia in the Middle East and North Africa: Arms, Power Projection, and Nuclear Diplomacy" edited by Amr Hamzawy.
The study contains the following chapters:
Introduction - Russia in the Middle East and North Africa--Disrupting Washington's Influence and Redefining Moscow's Global Role by Amr Hamzawy.
1. The Soviet Roots of Putin's Foreign Policy Toward the Middle East by Mark N. Katz.
2. Russia's Balancing Act in the Levant by Maha Yahya and Mohanad Hage Ali.
3. Soviet and Russian Policies Toward Egypt: Two Snapshots by Amr Hamzawy and Rain Ji.
4. A Mixed Balance Sheet: Russia's Uneven Influence in the Maghreb by Frederic Wehrey.
5. Autocrats United: How Russia and Iran Defy the U.S.-led Global Order by Nicole Grajewski and Karim Sadjadpour.
6. China and Russia in the Gulf: A Cacophony of Influence and Interest by Robert Mogielnicki.
7, Turkiye and Russia: An Unequal Partnership by Sinan Ulgen.
8. Russia's Enduring Presence in the Middle East by Eugene Rumer and Andrew S. Weiss.
9. Russia's Great Energy Game in the Middle East by Sergey Vakulenko.
