The Royal United Services Institute published on 4 November 2021 an analysis titled "A New Quad in the Western Indian Ocean" by Sankalp Gurjar, Indian Council of World Affairs.
In October, the foreign ministers of India, Israel, the US, and the UAE met and formed a working group on expanding political and economic cooperation among the four partners in West Asia and the Western Indian Ocean. Dubbed the "New Quad," unlike the original Quad, it is not directed against any particular threat but is rather a flexible arrangement based on a convergence of interests.
