The Foreign Policy Research Institue published on 30 May 2024 a study titled "Africa Faces the Unintended Consequences of Relying on Russian PMCs" by Christopher Faulkner, Jaclyn Johnson, and Zachary Streicher.
The authors conclude African client states that rely on Russian private military companies (PMCs) such as the Wagner Group and Africa Corps may find they will fail to produce desired security and instead generate or exacerbate grievances within the security sector.