The Washington Institute for Near East Policy published in October 2022 a study titled "China's Security Presence in the Middle East: Redlines and Guidelines for the United States" by Grant Rumley.
China's security presence in the region comprises a traditional military footprint of naval deployments and exercises, arms sales, and critical infrastructure agreements. China's base in Djibouti and its naval task force are the most prominent features of its military presence in the Middle East and North Africa.
