The Open Journal of Political Science posted in January 2024 a research paper titled "Opportunities and Challenges of China and Angola Energy Cooperation in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative" by Haojun Chen, Deqin Tao, and Yishu Lu, all affiliated with Lingnan University in Hong Kong.
The paper highlighted the importance of Portuguese-speaking Macau in China's relationship with Portuguese-speaking Angola. The authors concluded that China and Angola face a host of challenges in future energy collaboration but thought there is significant room for cooperation in the green and clean energy industry.