The US Institute of Peace published on 12 September 2024 an analysis titled "What Does the Emerging China-Africa Minerals Consensus Mean for U.S. Initiatives?" by Cobus van Staden.
The US-led Lobito Corridor project in Angola, Zambia, and the DRC to improve transport for the export of minerals to the Atlantic Ocean would appear to be competing with China's recent agreement to finance the upgrading of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway with its outlet to the Indian Ocean. The question for Africa is whether it can manage both relationships to its own advantage.