The International Institute of Strategic Studies published in December 2024 a research paper titled "Navigating Troubled Waters: The Houthis' Campaign in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden" by Wolf-Christian Paes, Edward Beales, Fabian Hinz, and Albert Vidal Ribe.
The paper examines the Houthis' attacks on ships since November 2023 and the international military responses, as well as the economic impact of the crisis. It also considers the Houthis' arsenal and the smuggling of weapons and their components to Yemen.
Although most attacks have missed or did little damage, the Houthis have sunk two ships, and four sailors have lost their lives. The economic impact of the crisis on global supply lines has been more limited than was first anticipated. After twelve months of sustained attacks on Western shipping, the current response by the international community has failed to reach its stated goals.
