Somalia and Somaliland: American Diplomats Recall Oral History

The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training posted a piece titled "Somalia--From Great Hope to Failed State" based on the oral history of five American diplomats dating back to 1960.  Two are former ambassadors, two embassy officers, and one based in Washington during the international intervention in Somalia from 1992 to 1993.  These are the recollections of the officers a number of years after they served in Somalia. 

Somaliland's Secession from Somalia

The Palgrave Series in African Borderland Studies published in 2019 Secessionism in African Politics with a chapter titled "Against the Grain: Somaliland's Secession from Somalia" by Markus Virgil Hoehne, University of Leipzig.

The author argues that Somaliland's secession from Somalia did not follow careful cost-benefit calculations or involve the bargaining of a minority with a majority in power or a center. Rather, the unilateral declaration of independence of Somaliland was the unforeseen result of an anti-regime struggle.

Somaliland: Analysis of Foreign Policy under Four Presidents

Mohamed Abdillahi Duale, UK-based political analyst, and Saeed Mohamed Ahmed, Gollis University in Somaliland, posted on 1 April 2018 "Somaliland's Foreign Policy Analysis: The First Four Administrations in Perspective." The paper examines Somaliland's foreign policy goals and decision-making as they evolved under the leadership of Somaliland's previous four presidents.