The Foreign Policy Research Institute published on 30 July 2024 an analysis titled "The West's Loss of the Sahel: Not (only) Russia's Doing" by Dan Whitman.
Russian disinformation alone is not responsible for the rejection of France and the United States in Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. Weak democracies, historic resentment of French colonialism, and disillusionment with Western military assistance contributed to the problem. Russia just exploited African ire. Are the Russians next to experience African disillusionment?