Need for a US Indian Ocean Strategy

 Foreign Affairs published on 7 April 2025 a commentary titled "America Needs a Real Indian Ocean Strategy" by Arzan Tarapore, Stanford University.  

Chinese submarine activity will soon surpass India's ability to counter it in the Indian Ocean and India is ill equipped to offset China's growing naval presence.  India's contributions to regional security are significant, but they will be dwarfed by what it will take to counter China's increasing naval capacity.

The author calls on the United States to craft a comprehensive strategy for the Indian Ocean because within a decade an expanding Chinese naval presence will be able to imperil global shipping lanes, extract more resources from countries in the region, and project force far beyond its current ability.  The focus of this US strategy should be building collective military power.     

India and Australia Respond to China in the Indian Ocean

 The Foreign Policy Research Institute published on 6 November 2023 an analysis titled "Australia and India's New Military Bases: Responses to China's Naval Presence in the Indian Ocean" by Felix K. Chang.

The article outlines steps India and Australia are taking to counter a growing Chinese naval presence in the Indian Ocean.  

Building US Security in the Indo-Pacific Region, the Quad, and China

 The US Army posted on 22 September 2023 an article titled "Building the Quad: A Diamond of National Security" by Sarah Hauck.

The same article appeared on 28 September in the Fort Leavenworth Lamp.

The article summarizes a panel presentation on 14 September at the Lewis and Clark Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.  The panel discussed great power competition in the Indo-Pacific region with a particular focus on the role of the Quad (Japan, Australia, India, and US) for enhancing security and competition with China.    

Countering China in Indian Ocean Through Partnerships

 The Atlantic Council published on 16 August 2023 a paper titled "Indian Ocean Partnerships Are Key to Countering China's Maritime Ambitions" by Delharty Manson and Nicholas Nunez.  

The paper compares China's growing engagement in the Indian Ocean with the presence of US forces and suggests the best way for Washington to counter China's expansion is to build stronger ties with countries in the region.