The Africa Policy Research Institute published on 29 September 2025 an analysis titled "From Minerals to Influence: Resource-for-Security Deals Reshaping Power Dynamics in Africa" by Amandine Gnanguenon and Marius Kretzschmar.
Critical raw materials, especially minerals, have become Africa's major attraction for Russia, China, and the United States. Each country has a different approach for linking critical minerals to its security interests.
