Ethiopia Insight published on 16 July 2025 a commentary titled "Red Sea Reckonings: Ethiopia, Eritrea, and the Unraveling of Pretoria" by Dahilon Yassin Mohamoda.
The Pretoria Agreement, signed in 2022, has not resulted in stability in Ethiopia. Instead, alliances are fraying, old rivalries are reigniting, and fragile new fault lines are emerging. A deterioration in Ethiopia's relations with Eritrea follows an effort by Addis Ababa to develop an outlet to the Red Sea.
